Prometheus the Light Bearer

 How does a transistor radio work? Radio waves are electromagnetic (EM) waves generated by a radiating element (called Transmitting (Tx) antenna) and absorbed by Receiving (Rx) antenna. An antenna is a conductor with a specified shape and geometry. Every free electron in the conductor is surrounded by an associated electric field. Whenever an alternating current flows through these passive devices, a varying magnetic field around the conductor is produced (Faraday's Law) and also the displaced electrons' shifts/ varies the associated electric field. On the whole, due to the flow of alternating current, an EM field is created around the Antenna. This field of disturbance propagates through the media. The direction of propagation depends on the physical layout of the Tx antenna. For broadcasting purposes, Omni-directional antennas are most suitable. The field strength of this EM wave (expressed in dBm/ dBW) depends on the amplitude of the current flow and varies inversely with th...

Have you ever wondered why your eyes water when you have a cold? It's a common and annoying symptom that can make you feel miserable. But there's actually a scientific explanation behind it. In this blog post, I'll tell you why your eyes water when you have a cold and what you can do to relieve it. Tears are not just for crying. They are constantly produced by the tear glands in your eyes to keep them moist and healthy. Tears also help you see clearly by washing away dust and dirt from the surface of your eyes. Normally, the excess tears drain out through small openings in the inner corners of your eyelids and into your nose through a tube called the nasolacrimal duct. But when you have a cold, things change. Your nose becomes congested and inflamed due to the viral infection. This causes the nasolacrimal duct to swell up and block the flow of tears from your eyes to your nose. As a result, the tears have nowhere to go, and they start to overflow from your eyes. This is why...

 Have you ever wondered why your mouth feels itchy after eating too much pineapple? Pineapple is a delicious and nutritious fruit that can be enjoyed in many ways. But it also has some hidden secrets that can make your mouth uncomfortable. In this blog post, I will explain why pineapple causes an itching sensation in your mouth and what you can do to prevent it. Pineapple is not a single fruit, but a collection of many individual fruits that grow together on a tropical plant called Ananas comosus . Each fruit has a near-hexagonal shape and a spiny skin that covers a juicy and sweet pulp. Pineapple is rich in vitamin C, vitamin B complex, calcium, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals that are good for your health. A jar of Durkee meat tenderizer containing bromelain But pineapple also contains a special enzyme called bromelain , which is mostly found in the inedible stalk of the fruit. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme , which means it can break down prote...

 Hi everyone! Welcome to my blog where I share my passion for science and nature. Today I want to talk about a fascinating topic:  Why and how is water transparent? Water is one of the most common and essential substances on Earth. It covers about 71% of the surface of our planet and makes up about 60% of our body weight. We use it for drinking, cooking, cleaning, bathing, and many other purposes. But have you ever wondered why water is transparent? Why can we see through it and what makes it different from other liquids or solids? To answer this question, we need to understand some basic concepts about light and how it interacts with matter. Light is a form of an electromagnetic energy with a wide range of wavelengths. However, the range that a human eye can 'see' is very tiny segment, ranging from about 400 nanometres to about 800 nanometres. This narrow range of wavelengths which a human eye is sensible to, is known as 'the visible region' of the electromagnetic ra...

 Hello and welcome to my blog! Today I'm going to share with you a simple and effective home remedy for throat pain: gargling with salt in hot water. You might have heard of this before, but do you know why it works? In this post, I'll explain the science behind this natural treatment and how it can help you feel better in no time. Saltwater Gargling Why do we feel relief when we gargle with salt in hot water when suffering from throat pain? Soreness in the throat can cause throat pain. Soreness of throat is generally due to the infection of the bacterium called Streptococcus. So, it is called strep throat. A strep throat is usually inflamed due to bacteria making widespread damage on our soft tissues or mucosa. Streptococcus These inflammations (known as Edemas ) are usually filled with water. When we gargle with warm salt water that is saltier than our body fluids (hypertonic solution), through osmosis the salt draws out the Edema fluid.  The principle behind it is that if ...

 Hello and welcome to my blog! Today I want to share with you some amazing benefits of citrus fruits, especially lemon and orange, for reducing vomiting sensation when smelled. If you are someone who suffers from nausea or vomiting due to various reasons, you might want to read this post till the end. Citrus fruits Vomiting sensation is a very unpleasant feeling that can ruin your day and affect your health. It can be caused by many factors, such as infections, medications, pregnancy, motion sickness, stress, or eating disorders. Sometimes, even certain smells can trigger vomiting sensation in some people. Vomiting Sensation But did you know that there are some smells that can actually help you prevent or reduce vomiting sensation? Yes, you heard me right. Citrus fruits like lemon and orange have a refreshing and invigorating smell that can counteract nausea and vomiting. How does this work? Well, citrus fruits contain a compound called limonene , which is an essential oil that giv...

 Hello and welcome to my blog! Today I'm going to answer a very interesting question that one of my readers asked me: Why is a choke required in a tube light and not in a CFL? This question is related to the physics and engineering of different types of fluorescent lamps, which are widely used for lighting purposes. So let's dive into it! Choke of a florescent Lamp First of all, what is a fluorescent lamp? A fluorescent lamp is a type of electric light that uses a low-pressure mercury vapour discharge to produce ultraviolet (UV) radiation . This UV radiation then excites a phosphor coating on the inside of the glass tube , which emits visible light by fluorescence. Fluorescent lamps are more energy-efficient and have a longer lifespan than incandescent lamps, which produce light by heating a filament. Fluorescent lamp working There are two main types of fluorescent lamps: conventional fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Conventional fluorescent lamps...

 Hi everyone, welcome to my blog where I share my passion for all things crab-related! Today I want to talk about a fascinating question that many people have asked me: why do crabs walk sideways? Gecarcinus quadratus, a land crab from Central America Crabs are amazing creatures that have adapted to different environments and lifestyles. Some crabs live in the ocean, some on land, and some can even swim! But one thing that most crabs have in common is that they tend to move sideways rather than forward or backward. Have you ever wondered why? Nine species from nine families of the infraorder Brachyura. Well, there are several reasons for this peculiar behaviour. First of all, let's look at the anatomy of crabs. Crabs have ten legs, but not all of them are used for walking. The first pair of legs are modified into claws or pincers , which they use for defence, feeding, and manipulating objects. The last pair of legs are sometimes modified into paddles or flaps , which they use for s...

 Mobile touch screens have revolutionized the way we interact with our smartphones. The ability to tap, swipe, and pinch has made navigating mobile applications a breeze. But have you ever stopped to think about how mobile touch screens actually work? In this post, we'll take a deep dive into the technology behind mobile touch screens and explore the different types of touch screens available in the market. touch screen Before we dive into the different types of touch screens, let's understand how touch screens work in general. A touch screen is essentially a display screen that also acts as an input device. The screen is sensitive to pressure , and a user interacts with mobile applications by touching pictures or words on the screen. When a user touches the screen, a signal is sent to the processor, which translates the touch into something that the operating system can understand. Working Principle Now, let's take a look at the different types of touch screens used in mo...

 If you have ever experienced a wound, you know how annoying it can be when it starts to itch. You may wonder why your skin feels so itchy when it is supposed to be healing. In this blog post, I will explain the reasons behind this common phenomenon and some tips to relieve the itchiness. Why does a wound itch very much when it is just about to heal? Itchy Wound Itching or pruritus is defined as an unpleasant sensation on the skin that provokes the desire to rub, and it is mediated by free nerve endings transmitted by C-fibres located in the uppermost layer of the skin. Wound healing involves multiple chemical mediators like histamine, prostaglandins and growth factors produced by the cells in the blood. Histamine is an important chemical mediator involved in the allergic reactions. The role of histamine in wound healing is dilatation of blood vessels to facilitate the entry of immune cells onto the wound site to ward off infection. But at the same time, it acts on the nerve endi...

Water (H 2 O) is a fire extinguisher, while hydrogen (H 2 ) is good fuel and oxygen (O 2 ) is good oxidizer. Why?   This is a great question that reveals the fascinating chemistry behind fire and water. In this blog post, I will explain why water can put out most fires, while hydrogen and oxygen can make them more intense.   Fire triangle Fire is a chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel , which means that the fuel combines with oxygen and releases energy in the form of heat and light. For example, when you light a candle, the wax (which is mostly made of carbon and hydrogen atoms) reacts with the oxygen in the air and produces carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat. Second stage rockets of space shuttle use liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as fuel.  However, not all fuels and oxidizers are equally effective at creating fire. Some fuels, like hydrogen, have a high energy content and can release a lot of heat when they react with oxygen. Some...

Sleep is a physiological process required for normal intellectual function, consolidation of memory, rest for the musculoskeletal system, decreasing energy expenditure and also replenishing the storage reserves. Sleep allows learning and memory to function properly and reinforces what we learn during the day. This is the reason why students should have adequate sleep especially before exams. But what happens when we feel sleepy during a boring class? Why do we find it hard to stay awake and attentive when the topic is not interesting or engaging? How does our brain decide when to sleep and when to wake up? In this blog post, I will try to answer these questions and explain the science behind sleep and boredom. Sleep results from the complex interaction of multiple neurotransmitter systems. Sleep is regulated by the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (VLPO) region located in the anterior Hypothalamus which in turn is controlled by the complex neural and hormonal mechanisms. The VLPO become...

 Have you ever wondered why your mouth waters when you see a delicious dish or smell a mouthwatering aroma? Well, in this blog post, I will explain the science behind this phenomenon and how it is related to your appetite and digestion. Saliva is a fluid that is produced by the salivary glands in your mouth. It has many functions, such as moistening your food. helping you swallow. protecting your teeth from decay.  aiding in digestion.  Saliva also contains enzymes that break down starches and fats in your food. Saliva on a baby's lips But what triggers the production of saliva? And why does it increase when you see or smell something tasty? The answer lies in the nervous system. There are two types of nerves that control salivation: the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. The parasympathetic nerves are responsible for stimulating salivation, while the sympathetic nerves inhibit it. The parasympathetic nerves are activated by various stimuli, such as taste, touch, sme...

Hello and welcome to my blog! Today I'm going to talk about a fascinating topic: how our skin works as a barrier between our body and the environment. Have you ever wondered why we sweat but we don't absorb water through our skin? Well, the answer lies in the tiny holes on our skin surface called pores. Let me explain. human skin structure hand-redrawn Pores are tiny holes present on the skin surface. The pores bring out the sweat and oil secreted by the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands respectively. While the sweat gland opens by separate pores, the sebaceous glands open through pores located along the hair follicles. Sweat is a watery fluid that helps regulate our body temperature and remove waste products from our body. Oil is a fatty substance that lubricates and protects our skin and hair. Both sweat and oil are essential for our skin health and function. The size of the pores is about 30-50 micro metres (1 micro metre = 1/1000 mm). These pores are microscopic and...